![]() ![]() Every retinaculum is not a part of any muscle but instead forms a band around tendons which holds it in place. Tendons of the hand are tied or bound against the bones by retinacula. It plays an important role when we grasp large objects with outspread fingers. The abductor digiti minimi muscles pulls the little finger away from the other fingers or abducts it. When this muscle acts alone, it inclines the hand toward the ulnar side. This muscle extends and adducts the wrist. The extensor carpi ulnaris is a muscle located on the ulnar posterior side of the forearm. This muscle moves the back of the hand toward the back of the forearm, and also extends the little finger, straightening it up from a fist position. Then there is the two joint muscle called, extensor digiti minimi, which extends the wrist. This is the dorsal transverse ligament which keeps the tendons together. The extensor digitorum is a muscle of the posterior forearm that extends the medial four digits of the hand. It is a strong, fibrous band, which is thickened by the addition of many transverse fibres, and forms the dorsal carpal ligament. It continues with the palmar carpal ligament on the anterior (or internal) side of the forearm. It is located on the back of the forearm, just next to the hand. The extensor retinaculum holds the tendons of the extensor muscles in place. This group includes four palmar interosseous muscles and four dorsal interosseous muscles. The interosseous group has eight muscles responsible for the adduction and abduction of the fingers. The hypothenar group, which moves the little finger and forms the elongated mound of the palm between the wrist and the little finger. The thenar group, which forms the thumb eminence, the thick oval-shaped mound at the thumb base. Intrinsic muscles are divided into three groups:ġ. These muscles give mass to the hand, flexing, extending, adducting, and abducting the fingers and thumb. When it comes to the anatomy of a hand, unlike extrinsic muscles, which start from the arm, intrinsic muscles have origins and insertions directly on the hand. Flexor muscles pronate the palm or turn it down and bend the wrist, fingers and thumb. They are located on the front of the forearm and form its shape. The second group is called the flexor muscles. These muscles supinate the palm or turn the palm upward and stretch back the wrist, fingers and thumb.Ģ. Long extensors shape the back of the arm. Extensors are muscles located on the posterior side of the forearm and hand. These muscles and their tendons can be grouped into extensors and flexors:ġ. The human arm has more than 30 muscles from the elbow to the palm. ![]()
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